Nahum's singular focus on the impending judgment of Nineveh offers a continuation of the story that began in Jonah. Nahum sounds the death knell of Nineveh. 1:2; 3:2; 4:11). Year (AD) Descent of the Holy Spirit. The purpose of the book of Nahum was to pronounce God's judgement on Assyria and to comfort Judah with this truth. In fact, Tarshish stood more than 2,500 miles from Israel in the opposite direction of Nineveh. Therefore, Nineveh must have been destroyed after 654 B.C. How many years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds are there between two moments in time? The following are some of the symptoms of Jonah's sins of which we should take note: 1. Jeremiah predicted the destruction of Babylon. So if you take the year of Noah's birth 1056 and subtract the years of Adam's life (remember he was born in year 0) then you get 1056 - 930 = 126. When God told Jonah to go to Nineveh and to bring a message there, a remarkable thing happened—the entire city turned to God—100 percent. Acts 2:40-47. The fourth chapter of Jonah along with 2 Samuel 11 are probably Scripture's two greatest examples proving the Bible is not a book edited by humans, but rather an unabridged account by God himself. Jonah was trying to put as much distance as he could between himself and the Assyrians. Anyhow, much later, their city sees a fall and gets destroyed. The book was written by Nahum sometime during his ministry and is thought to have been written between 663 and 612 B.C. Sometime around 760 BC, God sent Jonah to Nineveh to preach repentance and hope to the Assyrian people, a message they heard and adopted—at least for a time. Jehoahaz : 609 BC: 322: 3 months : 18. According to 3:8-10 this prophecy took place after the fall of Thebes in 663 B.C. They must now learn, therefore, through Nahum, that 'Jehovah is a jealous God' (i. Nineveh was the capital of Assyria, and the Assyrian empire had only grown more mighty and more wicked since the time of Jonah. Actually, I like to study the little Books of Jonah and Nahum together because it was between 100 and 150 years before Nahum appeared on the scene that Jonah went to Nineveh with a message from God. Nineveh. One hundred years later, during the time of Nahum, the Assyrians had . 2). Jonah in Nineveh Again G‑d ordered Jonah to go to Nineveh to convey the Divine message. God commanded him to go to Assyria's capital, the city of Nineveh to preach against its wickedness and convince the people to repent. Nahum: it's over for Nineveh. Then over the period between Jonah and Nahum, they fell back into their old ways and God had to punish them for the evil they had done during that time. When Jonah goes to Nineveh to preach repentance, the amazing thing is that Nineveh does repent, much to Jonah's annoyance. The fourth chapter of Jonah along with 2 Samuel 11 are probably Scripture's two greatest examples proving the Bible is not a book edited by humans, but rather an unabridged account by God himself. Nahum (to Nineveh) (approx) 16. Nahum states that the Fall of Nineveh will be the result of God's judgement. Zedekiah : 597 BC: 334: 11 : 592 BC: 339 : Ezekiel, Daniel : 587 BC (maybe) 335 : Obadiah (to Edom) 520 BC: 411 : Haggai, Zechariah (Esther) 478 BC: 453 (Ezra) 458 BC: 473 Jonah 3:1-4 After his frightening underwater ordeal, Jonah decides he'd better obey the LORD and go to Nineveh, where he urges the ungodly people to repent of their evil and bloodthirsty ways.Otherwise, "After 40 days, Nineveh will be destroyed" (Jonah 3:4). The sins of which we have been speaking have symptoms, which should be noted by all saints. Nineveh was the capital of Assyria - Israel's longstanding enemy in the 8 th century BC. Nineveh continued to lead nations into idolatry ( Nah 3:4 ). These motifs attracted the ancient Jewish sages and led them to select Jonah as one of the day's two prophetic lectionaries. Nineveh's greatness, as the prophet Nahum predicted, was, however, short-lived (see Nahum 1:14). Zephaniah predicted the destruction of Judah. It is not a new command that Jonah is given, but almost a repetition of the command given to him in chapter 1. Nahum, so to speak, takes up where Jonah left off. That generation is completely spared the wrath of God and lives, so to speak, happily ever after. It seems reasonable to locate Nahum about one hundred years after Jonah. What happened to Nineveh between Jonah and Nahum? When Jonah warned Nineveh of God's wrath, the Ninevites repented and God spared them. Compared with what he looked like in season one — which, again, started only a little more than a year ago in Ozark time, when Jonah was 13 — the only logical conclusion one can reach is that . Around 633BC, Nineveh was attacked by Medes and Babylonians. Jonah failed God the first time, but was allowed a second chance and succeeded (compare 1:2, 3 with 3:1-3). but no later than 612, when the Medes are mentioned as the conquerors of the city. So, Nahum can be dated between 663 and 654 B.C. So Noah was born 126 years after Adam died. Date. However, God forgives the people of the city of Nineveh and decides not to destroy them. to 636 B.C. • 150 years after the preaching of Jonah, Assyria and the Nineveh was destroyed apparently by fire around 625 BC, and the Assyrian empire came to an end, an event which changed the face of Asia. No chronological data are given, but the prophet speaks of the fall of No (chapter 3:8) as an event of the past. For example, 1:00 PM would be 13:00 in 24-hour time. 11. So, Nahum can be dated between 663 and 654 B.C. Abraham, who was born shortly after Noah died, lived to be only 175. Nahum predicted the destruction of Nineveh. It was the most remote destination available to Jonah. The population of the city of Nineveh, perhaps including its "suburbs," was exceedingly large (cf. In Matthew 12:40-41, Jesus declares that He will be in the grave the same amount of time Jonah was in the whale's belly. It isn't for another 150 years (think the time between now and the American Civil War) that Nahum is writing. While in the great fish, Jonah prays to God in his affliction and commits to thanksgiving and to paying what he has vowed. If the times are not already in 24-hour time, convert them to 24-hour time. Noah lived to be 950 years old. The majority of scholars date the book much later, to the post-exilic period sometime between the late 5th to early 4th century BC; perhaps (along with Book of . † Exceeding great city. Nineveh was the capital of Assyria, and the Assyrian empire had only grown more mighty and more wicked since the time of Jonah. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahum's prophecy. Through Obadiah, God swears to turn the tables on Edom. In Jonah, Yahweh desires to teach the arrogant Hebrew prophet a lesson about the scope of the divine mission of mercy and redemption. For PM hours, add 12 to the number to convert it to 24-hour time. When Jonah preached the Ninevites repented (at that time). † Jonah prophesied ~150 years before Nahum. Nineveh was one of the largest cities in the world at this time, with a population of over one hundred thousand - much larger than its rival, the city of Babylon. 10. Time Calculator: Duration Between Two Times and Dates. Three days and three nights Jonah stayed within the fish. That generation is completely spared the wrath of God and lives, so to speak, happily ever after. After the Flood, lifespans drastically decreased. Midrash Rabbah 9:12, however, records that there was a month's time between each plague: 3 weeks of Moshe [Moses] warning Pharaoh and one week of the plague itself. Nahum's prophetic ministry has to do with the fall of Assyria and its capital city of Nineveh. Acts 2:1-13. But their repentance didn't take. Ezekiel predicted the destruction of Egypt and Russia. It was more than 500 miles east of Jonah's hometown. Jonah: On the Way to Joppa. Those in such a spiritual state feel secure in times of greatest danger. Jonah or Jonas, son of Amittai, is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran, from Gath-hepher of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE.Jonah is the central figure of the Book of Jonah, which details his reluctance in delivering God's judgement on the city of Nineveh, and then his subsequent, albeit begrudged, return to the divine mission after he is swallowed by a . Jonah or Jonas, son of Amittai, is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran, from Gath-hepher of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE.Jonah is the central figure of the Book of Jonah, which details his reluctance in delivering God's judgement on the city of Nineveh, and then his subsequent, albeit begrudged, return to the divine mission after he is swallowed by a . † 15 Gates - all named after an Assyrian god. Nineveh was destroyed apparently by fire around 625 BC, and the Assyrian empire came to an end, an event which changed the face of Asia. The prophet Jonah is mentioned in 2 Kings 14:25, which places Jonah's life during reign of Jeroboam II (786-746 BC), but the book of Jonah itself does not mention a king or any other details that would give the text a firm date. The only time Nahum is mentioned in the Old Testament occurs in 1:1. Nineveh continued to lead nations into idolatry ( Nah 3:4 ). 2. As soon as Jonah was in the water, G‑d sent a large fish to swallow Jonah alive. During the reign of King Jeroboam II (793-753 BC ), a Northern Kingdom prophet named Jonah was called by God to "announce the Lord's judgment" (Jonah 1:1-2) to the Assyrians. They must now learn that wrath restrained (as in Jonah's time) is wrath reserved, if there is willful return to wickedness (i. An ancient account called The Fall of Nineveh Chronicle reveals an account of this time period, providing firsthand, extra-biblical documentation. So if you take the year of Noah's birth 1056 and subtract the years of Adam's life (remember he was born in year 0) then you get 1056 - 930 = 126. Foreshadowings: That Jonah is a type of Christ is clear from Jesus' own words. The goal is to subtract the starting time from the ending time under the correct conditions. a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahum's prophecy. Adam however lived to be 930 years old as found in Genesis 5:5 And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. Jonah learns his lesson, however, when God uses a wind, a gourd, and a worm to teach him that He is merciful. † Nineveh repented. So Noah was born 126 years after Adam died. Jeremiah 18 dies a good job using the example of the potter and the clay to show why His mind changes for repentance or for evil. Setting Up of the Church. Jonah had already uttered his message of warning, and Nahum was followed by Zephaniah, who also predicted the destruction of the city. When Jonah goes to Nineveh to preach repentance, the amazing thing is that Nineveh does repent, much to Jonah's annoyance. Lack of prayer. First Persecutions (Illustration) Acts 4:1-22; 5:21-42; 7:1-60. Obadiah's message is simple: no matter how safe they think they are, no matter how wise they think they are, Edom can't get away with this ( Ob 4, 8 ). JONAH. But their repentance didn't take. Adam however lived to be 930 years old as found in Genesis 5:5 And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. Dates are suggested anywhere from 720 B.C. The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. Jonah is miraculously saved by being swallowed by a large fish, in whose belly he spends three days and three nights. In the Book of Jonah, also known as the Book of Jonas, God asked one of his followers named Jonah or Jonas to inform the citizens of Nineveh that God will destroy their city in 40 days. One of the greatest prophets during the time of Jeroboam II was Jonah the son of Amitai, who, as a prophet disciple, had anointed Jehu and who, therefore, enjoyed the king's benevolence. Nahum is the one who prophesied of their fall. Nahum's relationship to Jonah is a bit like the relationship of Job and Ecclesiastes to Proverbs. This time Jonah obeyed, not joyfully or with a proper attitude, as we shall soon see, but at least Jonah went to Nineveh. 1 Its universalistic outlook; its definition of sin as predominantly moral sin; 2 its teaching of human responsibility and accountability; its apprehension that true repentance is determined by deeds and established by transformation of character (Jonah 3:10), not by the recitation of formulas, however fervent; its emphasis on the infinite preciousness of . 10. There was approximately 150 years between Jonah and Nahum. Bottom Line: so it's still a coin toss at best The Bible does not specify and it's difficult to tell exactly the time duration required for the ten plagues to run their course. The former provide important theological counterpoints to the latter books. Josiah : 640 BC: 291: 31: Zephaniah, Jeremiah (into exile) 17. Nahum . Tarshish, in contrast, was west of Gath-hepher. as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. † City wall-12 kms in circumference † Wide - 3-5 Mts. So God sends his messenger to them: a man named Obadiah (Hebrew for "servant of Yahweh"). Once G‑d commanded Jonah to go to Nineveh, one of the largest cities of that time and foretell its destruction, because the evil of its inhabitants had reached the limit. The time span between the ministry of Jonah and that of Nahum is a classic example of Gen. 15:16. God then commands the fish to vomit Jonah out. 30. Jonah is thrown overboard in order to appease the gods of Tyre: Jonah brings God's message to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria: The meaning of the parable becomes clear: God will forgive even the most wicked: We next have an Introduction to the Book of Nahum. . Nahum: it's over for Nineveh. Jehoiakim : 609 BC: 322: 11: Habakkuk (approx) 19. In distress, he prayed to G‑d to save him, and G‑d ordered the fish to eject Jonah and set him on dry land. † The most powerful city. The Exile to the Monarchy Exile to Egypt: 1870 BC — 1450 BC (Genesis 46—Exodus 12:33-41) Moses: 1530 BC - 1410 BC (Exodus 2:2; Deuteronomy 34:5) Moses flees to Midian: 1490 BC(Exodus 2:15-25) Jonah failed God the first time, but was allowed a second chance and succeeded (compare 1:2, 3 with 3:1-3). Jonah had already uttered his message of warning, and Nahum was followed by Zephaniah, who also predicted the destruction of the city. Jonah 's Flight. AM hours are the same in both 12-hour and 24-hour time. Daniel predicted the destruction of Persia. As a result of Jonah's preaching in the city of Nineveh, the people repented and God spared the city. 30. This tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets who were active at that time. Jehoiachin : 597 BC: 334: 3 months : 20. 2), jealous, that is, of His rights over His creatures. He probably lived during the reign of Hezekiah and saw the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel, and he was greatly moved by that, of course. Jonah's peace was the result of a hardened heart and a seared conscience. When Jonah warned Nineveh of God's wrath, the Ninevites repented and God spared them. Because I find it hard to think about BC dates, I've also included the number of years since the end of Solomon's, so that we have a scale of increasing year numbers. † Hub of the civilized ancient World † King Sin-shar-ishkun - 627- 612 BC. It isn't for another 150 years (think the time between now and the American Civil War) that Nahum is writing.
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